Natural resources and Human Ecosystem: A
Geographical analysis of Phulbari Upazilla of Dinajpur District
Md. Salauddin
Roll no: 117681
Registration No: 1101477681
This
is to certify that this project entitled “Natural resources and Human Ecosystem: A
Geographical analysis of Phulbari Upazilla in Dinajpur District”
submitted by Md. Salauddin has been conducted out under my supervision. This is
further to certify that it is an original work and suitable for partial
fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Geography and Environment,
Jagannath University.
Supervisor
Syeda Ishrat Najia
Assistant Professor
Department of Geography
& Environment
Jagannath University, Dhaka
First I
express my gratitude and thanks to the most gracious, most merciful Allah for
giving me the strength, knowledge, patience and ability to complete this
research work.
Any student can be positively motivated by the wisdom of his/her
teacher. She/he can be successful by the proper supervision and direction of
that teacher. This direction may be verbal with heart originated or only heart
originated which is the best.
I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my respectable
teacher and supervisor Syeda Ishrat Najia, Assistant Professor, Department of
Geography & Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, for her constant inspiration,
scholastic guidance, encouragement, cordial behavior and invaluable suggestions
during the whole period of research work as well as in preparing this report.
I also thankful
to my teacher N M Refat Nasher, Lecturer, Department of Geography & Environment,
Jagannath University, Dhaka, Abdullah Al Baky, Lecturer,
Department of Geography
& Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Hasina Akter,
Lecturer, Department of Geography & Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, for giving me constant inspiration, scholastic guidance,
encouragement, cordial behavior and invaluable suggestions during the whole
period of research work.
Finally, I
express appreciation to my beloved parents, other family members and to all my
well-wishers for their support, sacrifice and continued inspiration during the
course of research work and in preparing this dissertation.
The
Author
Abstract
The study entitled
“Natural resources and Human Ecosystem: A Geographical Analysis of Phulbari
Upazilla in Dinajpur District” is an attempt to focus on the various uses of
Coal and their impact on environment. There are three specific objectives in
this study which are firstly to analyze socio-economic condition of Phulbari
Upazilla, especially on Bashudevpur village, secondly to access the impact of
proposed coal mining project in Phulbari Upazilla. And finally to make some
recommendation based on the study finding. Both primary and secondary data have
been used in this study. Primary information has been collected through the
questionnaire method survey total 308 respondents ( from 8 villages) were
select randomly and take one respondents from one family. For secondary
information a number of books, journals, articles, researches have been
reviewed. The study revealed that maximum people were poor and they had a
little education. Their livelihood was below the poverty, there was a shortage
of highly educated people. Most of the villagers had a little ability to
educate their children, the villagers were tribal and they had a little
facility from the government. Respondents informed that there were many
problems occur due to founding the Baropukuria Coal Mine. The local people
observe a great environmental changes in agricultural production and great
impact on trees. We know that the land of Phulbari Upazilla of Dinajpur
District is highly fertile and most of the rice comes from North Bengal as
Dinajpur District. The villagers do not want to establish the Phulbari Coal
Project, because they will lose their land. They also informed that the
sufferer people of Baropukuria Coal Mine do not get the compensation money and
they do not get any work in the coal mine. They informed there was an
environmental impact due to coal mine of Baropukuria. The respondents suggest
to do not build the Phulbari Coal Project.
Contents
Chapter Page
no
Chapter-One: Introduction
1-5
1.1
Background
2
1.2
Objective
2
1.3
Methodology 3
1.4
Review of the
literature 3
1.5
Justification of
the work 4
1.6
Limitation of
work 5
Chapter-Two: Geographical information of the study
area
6-9
2.1 Location
of the study area 7
2.2 Population
of the study area 8
2.3 Occupation
of the study area 8
2.4 Transportation
of the study area 8
2.5 Weather of
the study area 8
2.6 Climate of
the study area 9
2.7 Water
bodies of the study area 9
Chapter-Three: Findings of the study 10-58
3.1 Characteristics of respondents 11
3.1.1 Age of
respondents 11
3.1.2 Religion of
respondents 12
3.1.3 Educational
qualification of respondents 13
3.1.4 Marital
status of respondents 14
3.1.5 National ID
card 15
3.1.6 Main
occupation of respondents 16
3.1.7 Monthly
income of respondents 17
3.2 Accommodation information of respondents 18
3.2.1 Ownership
of respondent’s house 18
3.2.2 Structure
of house 19
3.2.3 Respondents
living duration 20
3.2.4 Cause of
living in present place 21
3.2.5 Possibility
to change present accommodation 22
3.2.6 Facility in
respondent’s house 23
3.3 Family information of respondents 24
3.3.1 Family
members of respondents 24
3.3.2 Educational
qualification of respondent’s family 25
3.3.3 Qualification
of national ID card of respondent’s family 26
3.3.4 Occupation
of respondent’s family 27
3.3.5 Monthly
income of respondent’s family 28
3.4 Wealth information of respondents 29
3.4.1 Land of
respondents 29
3.4.2 Values of
living home 30
3.4.3 Values of
wooden trees 31
3.4.4 Values of
domestic animal 32
3.5 Institutional
information of respondent’s area 33
3.5.1 Distance of
nearest primary school from respondent’s house 33
3.5.2 Distance of
nearest secondary school from respondent’s house 34
3.6 Health information 35
3.6.1 Nearest
hospital from respondent’s house 35
3.6.2 Suffering
of disease 36
3.6.3 Which
disease they suffered 37
3.6.4 Which
treatment they take 38
3.6.5 Vaccine to
all children 39
3.6.6 Having
pregnant woman 40
3.7 Organizational involvement of
respondent’s 41
3.7.1 Members of
any NGO 41
3.7.2 Loan from
NGO 42
3.8 Water information 43
3.8.1 Source of
drinking water in respondent’s house 43
3.8.2 Ownership
of drinking water in respondent’s house 44
3.8.3 Having
arsenic problem 45
3.8.4 Demarcated
by Government or by NGO 46
3.8.5 Depth of
water during irrigation pump 47
3.9 Expanse sector of family of respondent’s 48
3.9.1 Family
expanses in food sector 48
3.9.2 Family
expanses in education sector 49
3.9.3 Family
expanses in medical sector 50
3.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Coal Mine 51
3.10.1 Loss of land 51
3.10.2: Work in
Coal Mine of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 52
3.10.3: Changes
in agricultural production of Phulbari Upazilla 53
3.10.4: Which
crops produced before is that produce present of
Phulbari
Upazilla 54
3.10.5: Which
problem will face the tree after the foundation of coal mine
In Phulbari
Upazilla 55
3.11.1: Three
natural hazards in Phulbari Upazilla 56
3.12.1:
Suggestion of respondents to solve the problem due to coal mine 57
3.12.2: Who play
active role to represent the suggestion of respondents 58
Chapter-Four: Recommendation and Conclusion 59
4.1 Recommendation 60
4.2 Summary 60
Bibliography 61
Appendix 65
Appendix-A Photo Gallery 66
Appendix-B Questionnaire 68
Figure
Name Page
no
Figure 2.1: Geographical location of Phulbari Upazilla 7
Figure 3.1.1.: Age of
the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 11
Figure 3.1.2: Religion
of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 12
Figure 3.1.3: Educational
qualification of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 13
Figure 3.1.4: Marital
status of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 14
Figure 3.1.5:
Qualification of national ID card of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 15
Figure 3.1.6: Main
occupation of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 16
Figure 3.1.7: Monthly
income of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 17
Figure 3.2.1: Ownership of
accommodation of respondent’s house of Phulbari
Upazilla 18
Figure 3.2.2: Structure of
house of respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 19
Figure 3.2.3: Living duration
of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 20
Figure 3.2.4: Cause of living
in present place of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 21
Figure 3.2.5: Possibility to
change accommodation of respondents of Phulbari
Upazilla 22
Figure 3.2.6: Facilities in
respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 23
Figure 3.3.1: Family members
of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 24
Figure 3.3.2: Educational
qualification of family members of respondents of
Phulbari Upazilla 25
Figure 3.3.3: Qualification
of national ID card of family members of respondents
Of Phulbari
Upazilla 26
Figure 3.3.4: Occupation of
family members of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 27
Figure 3.3.5: Monthly income
of family members of respondents of
Phulbari
Upazilla 28
Figure 3.4.1: Having
cultivated land of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 29
Figure 3.4.2: Values of
living house of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 30
Figure 3.4.3: Values of
wooden trees of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 31
Figure 3.4.4: Values of
domestic animal of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 32
Figure 3.5.1: Distance of
nearest primary school from respondents house 33
Figure 3.5.2: Distance of
nearest secondary school from respondents house 34
Figure 3.6.1: Distance of
nearest hospital from respondent’s house of
Phulbari
Upazilla 35
Figure 3.6.2: Suffering from
any disease of Phulbari Upazilla 36
Figure 3.6.3: Types of
disease suffered by the people of Phulbari Upazilla 37
Figure 3.6.4: Types of
treatment received by the people of Phulbari Upazilla 38
Figure 3.6.5: Vaccine to all
child of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 39
Figure 3.6.6: Pregnant woman
in respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 40
Figure 3.7.1: Members of NGO
of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 41
Figure 3.7.2: Loan from NGO
of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 42
Figure 3.8.1: source of
drinking water of respondent’s house 43
Figure 3.8.2: Ownership of
source of drinking water of respondent’s house 44
Figure 3.8.3: Having arsenic
problem in respondents tube well 45
Figure 3.8.4: Colored by the
Government or by any NGO 46
Figure 3.8.5: Depth of
irrigation pump of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 47
Figure 3.9.1: Monthly family
expenses in food sector of respondents 48
Figure 3.9.2: Monthly family
expenses in education sector of respondents 49
Figure 3.9.3: Monthly family
expenses in medical sector of respondents 50
Figure 3.10.1: Loss of land
of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 51
Figure 3.10.2: Work in Coal
Mine of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 52
Figure 3.10.3: Changes in
agricultural production of Phulbari Upazilla 53
Figure 3.10.4: Which crops
produced before is that produce present of
Phulbari
Upazilla 54
Figure 3.10.5: Which problem
will face the tree after the foundation of coal mine
In Phulbari
Upazilla 55
Figure 3.11.1: Three natural
hazards in Phulbari Upazilla 56
Figure 3.12.1: Suggestion of
respondents to solve the problem due to coal mine 57
Figure 3.12.2: Who play
active role to represent the suggestion of respondents 58
Table
Name Page
no
Table
3.1.1.: Age of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 11
Table
3.1.2: Religion of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 12
Table
3.1.3: Educational qualification of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 13
Table
3.1.4: Marital status of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 14
Table
3.1.5: Qualification of national ID card of the respondents of Phulbari
Upazilla 15
Table
3.1.6: Main occupation of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 16
Table
3.1.7: Monthly income of the respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 17
Table 3.2.1:
Ownership of accommodation of respondent’s house of Phulbari
Upazilla 18
Table 3.2.2:
Structure of house of respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 19
Table 3.2.3:
Living duration of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 20
Table 3.2.4:
Cause of living in present place of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 21
Table 3.2.5:
Possibility to change accommodation of respondents of Phulbari
Upazilla 22
Table 3.2.6:
Facilities in respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 23
Table 3.3.1:
Family members of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 24
Table 3.3.2:
Educational qualification of family members of respondents of
Phulbari Upazilla 25
Table 3.3.3:
Qualification of national ID card of family members of respondents
Of Phulbari
Upazilla 26
Table 3.3.4:
Occupation of family members of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 27
Table 3.3.5:
Monthly income of family members of respondents of
Phulbari
Upazilla 28
Table 3.4.1:
Having cultivated land of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 29
Table 3.4.2:
Values of living house of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 30
Table 3.4.3:
Values of wooden trees of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 31
Table 3.4.4:
Values of domestic animal of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 32
Table 3.5.1:
Distance of nearest primary school from respondents house 33
Table 3.5.2:
Distance of nearest secondary school from respondents house 34
Table 3.6.1:
Distance of nearest hospital from respondents house of
Phulbari
Upazilla 35
Table 3.6.2:
Suffering from any disease of Phulbari Upazilla 36
Table 3.6.3:
Types of disease suffered by the people of Phulbari Upazilla 37
Table 3.6.4:
Types of treatment received by the people of Phulbari Upazilla 38
Table 3.6.5:
Vaccine to all child of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 39
Table 3.6.6:
Pregnant woman in respondent’s house of Phulbari Upazilla 40
Table 3.7.1:
Members of NGO of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 41
Table 3.7.2:
Loan from NGO of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 42
Table 3.8.1:
source of drinking water of respondent’s house 43
Table 3.8.2:
Ownership of source of drinking water of respondent’s house 44
Table 3.8.3:
Having arsenic problem in respondents tube well 45
Table 3.8.4:
Colored by the Government or by any NGO 46
Table 3.8.5:
Depth of irrigation pump of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 47
Table 3.9.1:
Monthly family expenses in food sector of respondents 48
Table 3.9.2:
Monthly family expenses in education sector of respondents 49
Table 3.9.3:
Monthly family expenses in medical sector of respondents 50
Table 3.10.1:
Loss of land of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 51
Table 3.10.2:
Work in Coal Mine of respondents of Phulbari Upazilla 52
Table 3.10.3:
Changes in agricultural production of Phulbari Upazilla 53
Table 3.10.4:
Which crops produced before is that produce present of
Phulbari
Upazilla 54
Table 3.10.5:
Which problem will face the tree after the foundation of coal mine
In Phulbari
Upazilla 55
Table 3.11.1: Three
natural hazards in Phulbari Upazilla 56
Table 3.12.1:
Suggestion of respondents to solve the problem due to coal mine 57
Table 3.12.2:
Who play active role to represent the suggestion of respondents 58
1.1
Background
Coal is the
important resources for any country such as Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a lot of
resources but they have a little ability to use the natural resources. Coal is
the most important resources for Bangladesh. Bangladesh has invented the coal
resource in Phulbari in Dinajpur District in recent year. Though the Government
of Bangladesh tries to establish the coal mine in Phulbari, but the local
people of Phulbari Upazilla they do not want any coal project in their
villages. In recent years this is the great problem between the government and
local people.
From various journals
we learn about the Coal Project. Many journalist write different types of
journal about the Phulbari Coal Project.
As we are the
students of geography and environment we need to learn which problem will occur
and how we can be developed from the Phulbari Coal Project. In this regard we
go to Phulbari Upazilla and serve a surveying about this Project.
1.2 Objectives:
The survey on “Natural
resources and Human Ecosystem: A Geographical Analysis of Phulbari Upazilla in Dinajpur district” has come specific objectives. The
specific objectives of the study are,
·
To analyze
socio-economic condition of Phulbari Upazilla, especially on Bashudevpur
village.
·
To access the
impact of proposed coal mining project in Phulbari Upazilla. and finally
·
To make some
recommendation based on the study finding.
|
1.3 Methodology:
In this study both
primary and secondary data has been analyzed. Primary data for this study was
collected through questionnaire survey and secondary data was collected from
relevant books, articles, journals and research documents. In primary survey a
total of 308 respondents were selected from eight different villages. Mainly
primary data is used vastly for the present study and it is collected trough
questionnaire.
Collected raw data’s
had been presented into table, graph by applying statistical and mathematical
techniques and so on in computer through using MS Word & MS excel.
1.4 Review of the literature
Bangladesh coal project is located in north-west
Bangladesh & it plans to produce 520 million tons of coal (soft coal) by
open –pit mining in period of 30 years. The project aim to contribute to
Bangladesh’s economy by providing & stabilizing energy source & by
promoting foreign direct investment in north-west Bangladesh through
establishment of a new import / export corridor.
Currently, Asian Development Bank (ADB) is
considering a private sector loan (U$ 100 million) & political risk
guarantee (U$ 200 million) to a UK based company, Asia Energy Corporation for
this project. The ADB’s board approval for this project is expected in October
2007.
However, Phulbari coal project already have many
problems as follow, therefore, Japan Centre for a sustainable Environment &
Society (JACSES) strongly recommends that ADB should not finance the Phulbari
coal project.
|
Coal project in Bangladesh: Despite glossy PR
materials touting its ability to deliver on sustainable development &
energy access goals, the coal industry routinely threatens human rights around
the world, particularly in South Asia. Land grabs forced evections violence
& environmental distributions are all disturbingly prevalent in coal
industry project. Taking coordinated action to avert yet another massive
violence of human rights, seven United Nations special reporters have issue a
press release calling for an immediate halt to plans to excavate a vast open
pit coal in north-west Bangladesh.
The UN human
rights experts are concerned for good reason. The Phulbari coal project would
displace hundreds of thousands of people, including entire villages of
vulnerable indigenous people, posing, ‘an immediate threat to safety &
standards of living’’. The project would also threaten areas to safe drinking
water for 220000 people destroy a fertile agricultural region that supports
the entire country’s food needs &
increase poverty & vulnerability to climate events for generations to come.
1.5 Justification of the study
Our
research was on ‘’Natural Resources & Human Ecosystem: A Geographical study
in Phulbari Upazilla, Dinajpur District. I think the research has succeeded
because our goal has identified the problem of the local people for coal
project. Already we identified their problem by collecting data from the
respondents of Bashudevpur a village of Phulbari Upazilla. By analyzing these
data we know what types of problem they are facing & they will face if the
coal project establish. We also collect their suggestion how these types of
problem can be solved & how they safe their natural resources &
ecology. Above all we have able to know about their life style, occupation,
human & physical environment, resources, education, family member and so
on. So, we can say that our research is successful.
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1.6 Limitation of work
The
limitations of the present study are
·
Scarcity of time
was one of the most notable limitations for this study
·
There are
shortage of information about this topic
·
Un co-operation
of local people
·
Un co-operation
of the Government and the Authority
·
In these
villages people were very busy and they are flustered about this coal project
·
Another big
problem was that it was difficult to find respondents in the after morning and
midday.
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